What is operations management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4525 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? 1. Context As can be seen from the data collected by the General office for population family planning , the number of divorces, separation and bachelor hood or spinster hood has been on the increase recently. In Ho Chi Minh City alone the bachelors and spinsters account for 28.4%, windows and windowers take up 6.7% divorces occupies 1% and 0.5% is for the separated. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What is operations management?" essay for you Create order The tragedy is partly caused by the bustle and hustle of the morden life since people from all walksof life are so busy with their job that they barely have time for other thing such as dating, social gatherings, which results in lack of mutual under standing. Our coffee shop named Venue, with slogan Venue where emotion begins is intended to offer dating people an environment to reveal themselves to each other, afew pratical ideas for couples wishing to fight the fade in love, rekindle the romance, strenthen their marrige and a good condition for partners to build up strong relationship. 1.1. Service ideas In oder for those who who hardly find time to meet with and understand each other to build friendship, strong love and a happy marrige as well as long lasting partnership, our coffee shop has come into being. The coffee shop has designed its own website easily accessible to anyone who wants to post their personal information such as age, sex, education, occupation, preferences, and marital status must be presented honestly and meet our requirement. Once the name of the coffee shop is on map, the shop will be defintely attractive draw a large number of people to the website so do the advertisers. As result of this, we can make considerable profit from advertising. 1.2. Coffee market research in HCM City and Vietnam. According to the data from the General statistics office in 2002 each vietnamese averages 1.25 kilogram of coffee annually spending approximately 9000 VND an equivalent of $0.4 per capita. 19.2% of the population drink coffee daily, increasing by 23% on new year holiday. It is remarkable that city dwellers use upto 2.3 kilograms of coffee per year, 2.72 times higher than that of rural people and the former. Also expend 20.280 VND on a cup a year 3.5 times higher than that of the former. According to a survey conducted by Trung nguyen in the 2 biggest cities: HCM and Hanoi,coffee consumers from these cities are aged under 40. Coffee using habit is closely related to occupation. While the retirees in Hanoi account for the largest number, the business men take up the biggest in HCM city (23%); closely followed by the students and the number of the retirees is the smallest. The results from the survey also indicate that Hanoians spend 48.000 VND on coffee annually while residents in HCM pay 121000 VND. Out of the 7 districts (district 1, 3, 6, 11, Govap, Tn ph, and Bnh thnh). Tan ph has the most coffee drinkers. People in HCM City prefer drip filter coffee the most with 38%, white coffee 27% and instant coffee 20% but 67% of Hanians use instant coffee. The proportion of coffee goers in HCM City is also higher than Hanoi. Coffee shop area in HCM is larger than that of Hanoi and coffee shops offers a better selection of beverages 40 types compared to 9 in Hanoi. 2. Project abstract 2.1. Objectives of the project Having 160 customers visit each day. Reaching a monthly turnover of 130 milion. Getting a profit ratio by 50%. Having 500 loyal customers. 2.2.Task Making an informal and relaxing atmosphere for clients to converse with each other and relax over nice and delicate refreshments. Being sure to offer the clients the best services, romantic dating service VIA the shopwebsite. 2.3.Factors for success Offering considerate and enthusiastic customer care services. Promoting and implementing dating services drastically for The Singles, Singgle parents, divorcees, widows and widowers. Holding chamber music concerts, guitar playing concerts. Offering music at the clients request Conveniently located in the proximity of office buildings; making favorable conditions for white collar staff to take lunch breaks (who are also our target loyal customers). 2.4.Clientele Office worllers aged 23 or above, with breakfast and lunch. Students, youth, business people in the evening. 2.4.1.Service offering Morning: coffee beverages and fruit juice. Noon: coffee beverages and fruit juice. Evening: coffee for the youth People in love Dates are designed for courtship through the website. Special events held at weekends such as the nicest offer of love, the sweetest offer of marriage. 2.4.2. Area (square meters) Approximately 555 square meters divided into three sections (54 tables or 224 seats in total). Garden area: 22 tables. Indoor area: air conditioned -30 tables. First floor area: air conditioned -Japanese sofas can be converted into 20 double bufferings. 2.4.3.Products and services: Buon me thuot, Trung nguyen coffees. Ice-cream, fruit juice extract. Fruit of some kinds. Beverages: pepsi, coke, xa xi, CO2, green tea. 2.4.4.Price 22.000 VND 80.000 VND 2.4.5.Marketing and promotion Adverticements, banners placed on our website Pamplets distributed at universities (1000 pamplets in the first month then distribution will be under consideration as to whether to continue or not). The customers with the pamplet are offered 10% off the regular price. Presenting customers loyal cards to whoever frequents the shops 20 times a month with 10% discount on drinks of all kinds (cards are valid within a month and marked with the managers signature). Presenting VIP cards to the 6 customer loyal card holders, who have 20% off the regular prices on all kinds of drinks. VIP cards expires in 1 year long. 2.4.6.Staffs Barista servers: 12 staffs Working hours: 6h30 14h30 Working hours: 14h30 23h00 Security (guard looking after vehicles): 4 staffs Working hours: 6h30 14h30 Working hours: 14h30 23h00 Housekeeping: 4 staffs Working hours: 6h30 14h30 Working hours: 14h30 23h00 Cashiers receptionists: 4 staffs Working hours: 6h30 14h30 Working hours: 14h30 23h00 Accountant: 1 staff Website administrator: 1 staff The staff numbers are adjusted after one month. 3. Service design 3.1. Blueprinting of coffee shop As you can see this is a service process blueprint that it can be updated, extended and rearranged as desired. This can be the better way of serving clients, and We can now devise customer defined service standards, that can be easily implemented. For instance if the coffee shop has a complaint about how dirty a certain table cloth is , this could be promtly responded to by the hygiene and safety division . Lets now take one area in our blueprint for example to see what we can do with it. Well take the fourth box under the line of interaction employee handling customer s grieavance she will come to solve the problem and gain back his or her sympathy and satisfation by listening and explaining to the unhappu customer and referring the feed back to the hygiene and safety. 3.2. Function of each line 3.2.1. Line of Interaction Customers access the website and are given an ID for the date with the partners at our shop. The Website administrator or the call center will assist customers with information posting 3.2.2. Line of visibility The patrons id date is given to a receptionist and he or she is led to a consultant ( who is responsible for facilitating the dialogue between the two partners and offering tips on how to order romantic refreshments ). Those who come to our shop for other purposes receive some serevice except for consultation. Other employees are in charge of talking orders, making delivering. 3.2.3. Line of internal interation Order are filled and checked for safety and hygiene. Whashing up is also done here 3.2.4. Line of support The duties are to take care of accounting, book keeping, billing and handling customers grievance 3.3.Front office 3.3.1.Coffee shop Drinks area The atmosphere at the drinks area is very important. Clients go to the coffee shops mostly to relax. Besides, this coffee shop is also a place for dating. So the atmosphere should be informal and relatively quiet, with soft, romantic music. This atmosphere will make the clients feel comfortable when conversing with each other and relaxing over nice and delicate refreshments. The garden area should be filled with plants and trees. A small pool with fish or waterfall will help clients to forget the busy city outside. The ground floor area is air-conditioned. Music can be offered to the clients requests in this area. The first floor is also air-conditioned, with 10 Japanese sofas, which can be converted into 20 double bufferings. The servers must be attentive and respectful to the clients. In addition, the servers has to be quick and accurate. With a lot of clients at three different areas, there will be quite a lot of orders to take. The servers have two minutes to take an order and one minutes to deliver an order. With only two minutes to take order, the servers have to be careful; on the first side, the server must not rush the clients, but on the other side, the server must not let the time extend too long. The standard service policy is that 95% of all customer orders will be served within 10 minutes of arrival at the coffee shop. Apart from free internet access, shelfs of magezines, newspapers, and music. The coffee shop will have decoration on the wall along with pictures of art schools in the world. This makes the client feel as if going to an art museum of the world. Vehicle guarding: Clients will get a ticket for each vehicle and the guard will keep the vehicles for them. The coffee shop shall offer free vehicle keeping. The vehicle keeping fee ususally is small but often causes bad feelings with the clients. By offering fee service, this will give a good impression on the clients. The guard must be friendly, honest and hardworking. He must greet the clients and help them park / take the vehicles. A friendly guard will make the clients feel comfortable right from the beginning. 3.3.2. Website message center The objective is to offer the clients the best services, romantic dating service VIA the shops website. The website shall be romantically designed and the user interface friendly. The website allows client to register their basic information so that other clients can find persons with similar interests. A sorting algorithm will help the client to select a person that best suit them. Another option is that the client can contact the consultant. 3.4. Back office 3.4.1. Routine operations: Supporting activities At the back office, the manager of the coffee shop must direct the daily activities. The manager must know which supplies are in short supply and when / where to order for the supplies. Everything necessary to make serve drinks must be ready. The manager also has to know whom to call to fix every arising problem. Making serving drinks: The standard service policy is that 95% of all customer orders will be served within 10 minutes of arrival at the coffee shop. This means that the person who makes drink only has approximately 4 minutes to prepare all the drinks for one table. This person has to be quick and accurate, especially on rush hours or weekends, when people go to the coffe shop in groups. The servers also has to be quick and accurate. The servers only have one minute to deliver an order and a lot of clients at three different areas. After a table of clients go home, the servers have to clean the table and prepare the table quickly to be ready for the next group of clients. Cleaning washing At the back office, the glasses, trays, spoons must be wash quickly to be ready for the next batch of orders. Cleaners must clean the coffee shop before opening hour and after closing hour. The WC is another small but important point because it leaves a long impression on the clients. The cleaner must also be on hand to clean the spilled drinks or other problems. Accounting Accuraccy is the most important thing for accounting. This includes billing the clients before the clients leaves. The accountant is also responsible for archiving the invoices, making account statements, paying taxes. 3.4.2. Database management After a database is designed and installed, a database engineer must be available to to routine maintainance for the website. This person is also the administrator to the website, to monitor the information flow on the website. Bad and unsuitable comments / links must be deleted and violators must be banned from the website. This will make the website useful and friendly to the clients. The clients must feel safe when using the website for dating. The process of providing ID through the website As the above figure, at the Line Interation, customers can publish personal information via the website and get ID easily. The personal information will comprise age, gender, married status ,and hobbies. A arranging employee who always is on site will receive information from customers, simultaneously review personal information of each customer, and make a suitable date number code through a granted ID to them. The customer will receive an date code as well as time. The process of providing ID through message service We will corporate with telecommunication businesses such as VTC, FPT, VNPT which proficiently provide added value service based on the fundamental of mobile phone service to exploit Prefixs of 1800, 1900 by receiving messages from customers who have demand of meeting their partners Call center Receiving question and responding it to customers. Making consultant of getting ID or a date code from website through skilled consulting employees. 3.5. Waiting Line analysis To assess the impact (cost and benefits) on service of different staffing strategies at a high-volume coffee shop. We will apply Probability/Queuing Theory for the coffee shop. A key measure of this objective is the time required to take and fill a customers order (i.e. the time between the moment a customer enters the waiting line, and the moment the customer leaves the counter with customer order). Clearly, one of the surest ways to achieve very rapid turnaround is to have many employees on hand at all times, ready to take and fill orders; however, this would be prohibitively expensive and, in any event, there are often other constraints on throughput (e.g. the number of espresso machines). At the other end of the spectrum, the shop could be staffed minimally, which would in turn minimize staffing costs; during peak times, however, the time spent waiting in line could grow to an unacceptable level. In order to assess the impact of different strategies, and recommend rational staffing levels, we must take as much as possible of the following into account: The average rate at which customers enter the shop including, ideally, a breakdown of customer order types (e.g. regular coffee vs. espresso) at different times of the day; The time required for a coffee shop employee to serve each of the different order types, and the amount (and type) of variation in these times; Shift staffing options (i.e. the limits upper and lower on the length of a shift); The hourly cost of an employee (including the impact on cost of different shift lengths); Other limiting factors (e.g. the number of espresso machines). 3.5.1.Working Problem: We will examine a simplified version of the problem, with the following characteristics: A standard service policy: 95% of all customer orders will be filled within 10 minutes of the customer joining the line; A single average arrival rate of 38 customers/hour, based on a Poisson arrival process; As a consequence of the previous point, no variation in staffing level over the course of the day we will simply examine different, constant levels; No distinction between different types of customer orders, and the time required to service each order distributed according to the Exponential distribution with an average service time of 40 customers/hour; Partly as a consequence of the previous point, we will not distinguish between types of employees; each employee costs the same, per hour, as any other employee. 3.5.2.Mathematical Model: The arrival rate: When arrivals into a queuing system are independent (i.e. the fact that a person or party enters the shop during a given minute has no effect on whether another party enters the shop during any other minute), the arrival process is said to be a Poisson process, and the time between arrivals is a random variable which follows the Exponential distribution. This distribution is described by the following probability distribution function: f(t) = e-t 1/ = average interarrival time The service time: The same distribution will be used for the service time (the time from the moment the customers order is taken to the moment the order is filled), but it is customary to employ (instead of ) for the service rate: f(t) = e-t 1/ = average time to service an order 3.5.3. Computational Model: From the Exponential distribution, we will need to transform the numbers returned from the Uniform distribution, as follows: tarrival = -ln(1-uarrival) / tservice = -ln(1-uservice) / The average number of customers in the system (L) 19.00 The average number of customers in the queue (Lq) 18.05 Average time in the system per customer (W) 30.00 minutes Average time in the queue (Wq) 28.50 minutes Propability that the server will be busy (U) 0.950 Probability that customers must wait P(0) 0.050 3.5.4. Psychology of Waiting Line Due to characteristics of coffee service, Waiting Line is different from this of other services. Apart from free internet access, shelfs of magezines, newspapers, and music. The coffee shop will have decoration on the wall along with pictures of art schools in the world. This make guest feeling of going to an art museum of the world. 4. Service layout 4.1. Site selection Location plays an important role in the success of project of services business. Good location ease the process of doing business, competitive and highly profitable. On the basis of business strategy, business objectives and financial capabilities, we selected sites based on the following criteria: Features and consumption habits of target customers: Focus on densely populated areas , office buidings, industrial areas . Focus on the segmentation: the white -collar workers . Cost: space, power, water, labor Conveniently situated on a two -way street in Tan phu district . The scene of the region: modern, close to nature Area landscape Through the actual conditions on familiar terrain, financial capability, we choose the site to open a coffe shop in Tan Phu District of 555 square meters,which is located in the densely populated area in the proximity of offices, industrial parks. Moreover the site asks for reasonable rent which makes favorable condition for us to put more capital into other services such as online connection service . It comes to our understanding that a good location in combination with quality product and a better service will ensure the successdensely-workers is an important ground for low-cost appropriate financial conditions, extensive grounds convenient we will focus on funding for service development online service. We understand that a business location should be accompanied by good quality good service, marketing and advertising activities policies customer care can help businesses succeed. 4.2. Service layout To develop an efficient store design and layout will be one of the most important factors in positioning business for success. The layout for a dating coffee service require a spacious and airy space. An area of 555 square meters constitutes a prerequisite for the success of the project. The type of layout we choose in our project is process layout functional layout, because of the variability in customer requests for service. The objective of system is to maximize service speed and customer satisfaction as much as possible. The section is divided according to the functions: management, consultancy, service, billing, facility management, kitchen and inventory. The following is the best layout for the coffee shop: This layout will allow maximum flexibility, save space, and facilitate communication, circulation among the customers cleaning up, order taking delivery and billing. It maximizes the usage of the area in customer section which helps bring in revenue and to increase the service speed will allow maximize your sales by serving as many customers as possible during peak business periods. The layout designates the front office (in full view of the customer) and the back office (invisible to the customer). Back office can be organized for efficiency and functionality, while front office layout must be aesthetically pleasing as well as functional. The layout satisfies a variety of customers needs for the seating or the typical purpose of the meeting. The space required for the service area, (cash register, brewing espresso equipment, pastry case, blenders, storage, prep, dishwashing and office areas etc.) at back of the house and restrooms, will consume about 80 square meters. The remainder will be seating area. The determine tasks will be performed by each employee position, so that the equipment and fixtures necessary to accomplish those tasks can be located in the appropriate places : cashier will operate the cash register, barista will make all espresso-based beverages, tea, chai, hot chocolate, Italian sodas, as well as all the blender beverages. The design have the back door will be necessary to satisfy bureaucracies and facilitate. The back door will most likely have to serve as an emergency fire exit, so we have a hallway connecting it with customer area. And, the delivery of products will also probably occur through back door, having access to back of the house storage area would also be convenient. All the features have been designed into the back of the house. Thats a working area of the house and the customer seating area also is suitably arranged. In evening, the comfortable seating will be important for creating a relaxing ambiance, then by all means do it. Feature from the front door to the seating area should be arranged in a logical, sequential order. On the employees side of the counter, work and product flow are even more important. Any unnecessary steps or wasted movements that result from a less than optimal design will slow down employee production. All products should flow seamlesly in one direction towards the ultimate point of pick-up. Equipment be grouped together so that it is in the immediate proximity of the employee(s) who will be using it. Beyond the actual equipment, empty spaces must be left on the counter top to store ingredients and small wares (tools) used in product preparation. Counter top space will also be needed where menu items will actually be assembled. Creating defined work stations will allow put multiple employees behind the counter when needed. Keeping stations in close proximity to each other will allow one employee to easily access all equipment during very slow periods of business, thus saving labor cost. 5. Financial plan 5.1. Parameters Items USD Note Cups Sale (how much you sell 1 cup of coffee average) 2 Expenses Cups 0.08 Employee hourly pay 0.5 Hours employee works daily 8 Days employee works monthly 30 days Coffee per cup 0.5 Housekeeping 75 Security 75 Staff 5 persons Management 400 Website management 250 Fixed Cost Equipment 22000 Monthly Rent 2000 Monthly utilities 325 Unknown cost 20% Start-up cost 50000 5.2. Coffee Growth Projections Year 1 Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12 Cups sold 5040 5443.2 5846.4 6249.6 6652.8 7056 7459.2 7862.4 8265.6 8668.8 9072 9475.2 Employment schedule Barista 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Security 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Housekeeping 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Staff 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Website Management 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Management 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Total 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 25% 27% 29% 31% 33% 35% 37% 39% 41% 43% 45% 47% Growth rate per month 2% Days 30 Number of seats 224 Times of seat used per day 3 We assume that the monthly growth rate reaches 2% frequency at which a seat is occupied is 3 times. Year 2 Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12 Cups sold 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 Employment schedule Barista 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 Security 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Housekeeping 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Staff 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Website Management 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Management 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Total 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 49% 49% 49% 49% 49% 49% 49% 49% 49% 49% 49% 49% Growth rate per month Days Number of seats Times of seat used per day Salary payment made to staff amounts to $3040 a month, which is logical based on the scope of business and number of employees Year 3 Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12 Cups sold 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 9878.4 Employment schedule Barista 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 Security 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Housekeeping 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Staff 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Website Management 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Management 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 total 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 49% 49% 49% 49% 49% 49% 49% 49% 49% 49% 49% 49% growth rate per month days number of seats Times of seat used per day 5.3. Monthly Income Statement Monthly Income Statement Year 1 Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sales Cups Sale (how much you sell 1 cup of coffee average) 10,080 10,886 11,693 12,499 13,306 14,112 14,918 15,725 16,531 17,338 18,144 18,950 Expenses Cups Sale (how much you sell 1 cup of coffee average) 403 435 468 500 532 564 597 629 661 694 726 758 Coffee per cup 2,520 2,722 2,923 3,125 3,326 3,528 3,730 3,931 4,133 4,334 4,536 4,738 Gross margin 9,677 10,451 11,225 11,999 12,773 13,548 14,322 15,096 15,870 16,644 17,418 18,192 Expenses Salaries Payable 3040 3040 3040 3040 3040 3040 3040 3040 3040 3040 3040 3040 equipment 22000 Monthly Rent 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 Monthly utilities 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 start-up cost 50000 unknown cost 5,473 1,073 1,073 1,073 1,073 1,073 1,073 1,073 1,073 1,073 1,073 1,073 Total Expenses 82,838 6,438 6,438 6,438 6,438 6,438 6,438 6,438 6,438 6,438 6,438 6,438 Net Income -73,161 4,013 4,787 5,561 6,335 7,110 7,884 8,658 9,432 10,206 10,980 11,754 total expenses for breakeven analysis 85,761 9,595 9,829 10,063 10,297 10,530 10,764 10,998 11,232 11,466 11,700 11,934 Monthly Income Statement Year 2 Mont 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sales Cups Sale (how much you sell 1 cup of coffee average) 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 Expenses Cups Sale (how much you sell 1 cup of coffee average) 790 790 790 790 790 790 790 790 790 790 790 790 Coffee per cup 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 Gross margin 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 Expenses Salaries Payable 4020 4020 4020 4020 4020 4020 4020 4020 4020 4020 4020 4020 equipment Monthly Rent 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 Monthly utilities 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 start-up cost unknown cost 1,269 1,269 1,269 1,269 1,269 1,269 1,269 1,269 1,269 1,269 1,269 1,269 Total Expenses 7,614 7,614 7,614 7,614 7,614 7,614 7,614 7,614 7,614 7,614 7,614 7,614 Net Income 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 total expenses for breakeven analysis 13,343 13,343 13,343 13,343 13,343 13,343 13,343 13,343 13,343 13,343 13,343 13,343 Monthly Income Statement Year 3 Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sales Cups Sale (how much you sell 1 cup of coffee average) 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 Expenses Cups Sale (how much you sell 1 cup of coffee average) 790 790 790 790 790 790 790 790 790 790 790 790 Coffee per cup 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 4,939 Gross margin 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 18,967 Expenses Salaries Payable 4520 4520 4520 4520 4520 4520 4520 4520 4520 4520 4520 4520 equipment Monthly Rent 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 Monthly utilities 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 Start-up cost Unknown cost 1,369 1,369 1,369 1,369 1,369 1,369 1,369 1,369 1,369 1,369 1,369 1,369 Total Expenses 8,214 8,214 8,214 8,214 8,214 8,214 8,214 8,214 8,214 8,214 8,214 8,214 Net Income 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 Total expenses for breakeven analysis 13,943 13,943 13,943 13,943 13,943 13,943 13,943 13,943 13,943 13,943 13,943 13,943 5.4. Monthly Balance Sheet Monthly Balance Sheet Year 1 Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Assets Cash 9,799 13,005 16,986 21,741 27,270 33,573 40,650 48,502 57,127 66,527 76,701 87,649 A/R 10,080 10,886 11,693 12,499 13,306 14,112 14,918 15,725 16,531 17,338 18,144 18,950 Total Assets 19,879 23,892 28,679 34,240 40,575 47,685 55,569 64,226 73,658 83,864 94,845 106,599 Liabilities A/P 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 Total Liabilities 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 3,040 Equity Paid in Capital 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 Current Earnings -73,161 4,013 4,787 5,561 6,335 7,110 7,884 8,658 9,432 10,206 10,980 11,754 Retained Earnings 0 -73,161 -69,148 -64,361 -58,800 -52,465 -45,355 -37,471 -28,814 -19,382 -9,176 1,805 Total Equity 16,839 20,852 25,639 31,200 37,535 44,645 52,529 61,186 70,618 80,824 91,805 103,559 Total L and E 19,879 23,892 28,679 34,240 40,575 47,685 55,569 64,226 73,658 83,864 94,845 106,599 Monthly Balance Sheet Year 2 Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Assets Cash 99,175 110,527 121,880 133,232 144,585 155,937 167,290 178,643 189,995 201,348 212,700 224,053 A/R 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 Total Assets 118,932 130,284 141,637 152,989 164,342 175,694 187,047 198,399 209,752 221,104 232,457 243,809 Liabilities A/P 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 Total Liabilities 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 4,020 Equity Paid in Capital 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 Current Earnings 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 Retained Earnings 13,559 24,912 36,264 47,617 58,969 70,322 81,674 93,027 104,379 115,732 127,084 138,437 Total Equity 114,912 126,264 137,617 148,969 160,322 171,674 183,027 194,379 205,732 217,084 228,437 239,789 Total L and E 118,932 130,284 141,637 152,989 164,342 175,694 187,047 198,399 209,752 221,104 232,457 243,809 Monthly Balance Sheet Year 3 Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Assets Cash 235,305 246,058 256,810 267,563 278,315 289,068 299,820 310,573 321,325 332,078 342,830 353,583 A/R 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 19,757 Total Assets 255,062 265,814 276,567 287,320 298,072 308,825 319,577 330,330 341,082 351,835 362,587 373,340 Liabilities A/P 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 Total Liabilities 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 4,520 Equity Paid in Capital 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 Current Earnings 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 Retained Earnings 149,789 160,542 171,294 182,047 192,800 203,552 214,305 225,057 235,810 246,562 257,315 268,067 Total Equity 250,542 261,294 272,047 282,800 293,552 304,305 315,057 325,810 336,562 347,315 358,067 368,820 Total L and E 255,062 265,814 276,567 287,320 298,072 308,825 319,577 330,330 341,082 351,835 362,587 373,340 The amount of money invested in the project is $90000. 5.5. Monthly Cash Flow Year 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sources of Cash Paid in capital 90,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Beg Cash Flow 90,000 -63,362 17,018 21,773 27,302 33,605 40,682 48,534 57,159 66,559 76,733 87,681 Increase in A/P 3,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net income -73,161 4,013 4,787 5,561 6,335 7,110 7,884 8,658 9,432 10,206 10,980 11,754 Change in Retained Earnings -73,161 77,174 774 774 774 774 774 774 774 774 774 774 Total Sources -53,282 17,825 22,580 28,108 34,412 41,489 49,340 57,966 67,366 77,539 88,487 100,209 Uses of Cash Increase in A/R 10,080 806 806 806 806 806 806 806 806 806 806 806 Total Uses 10,080 806 806 806 806 806 806 806 806 806 806 806 Net Change in Cash -63,362 17,018 21,773 27,302 33,605 40,682 48,534 57,159 66,559 76,733 87,681 99,403 Cash Balance -63,362 17,018 21,773 27,302 33,605 40,682 48,534 57,159 66,559 76,733 87,681 99,403 Year 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sources of Cash Paid in capital 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Beg Cash Flow 99,403 110,527 121,880 133,232 144,585 155,937 167,290 178,643 189,995 201,348 212,700 224,053 Increase in A/P 980 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net income 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 11,353 Change in Retained Earnings -402 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Sources 111,334 121,880 133,232 144,585 155,937 167,290 178,643 189,995 201,348 212,700 224,053 235,405 Uses of Cash Increase in A/R 806 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Uses 806 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net Change in Cash 110,527 121,880 133,232 144,585 155,937 167,290 178,643 189,995 201,348 212,700 224,053 235,405 Cash Balance 110,527 121,880 133,232 144,585 155,937 167,290 178,643 189,995 201,348 212,700 224,053 235,405 Year 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sources of Cash Paid in capital 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Beg Cash Flow 235,405 246,058 256,810 267,563 278,315 289,068 299,820 310,573 321,325 332,078 342,830 353,583 Increase in A/P 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net income 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 10,753 Change in Retained Earnings -600 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Sources 246,058 256,810 267,563 278,315 289,068 299,820 310,573 321,325 332,078 342,830 353,583 364,336 Uses of Cash Increase in A/R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Uses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net Change in Cash 246,058 256,810 267,563 278,315 289,068 299,820 310,573 321,325 332,078 342,830 353,583 364,336 Cash Balance 246,058 256,810 267,563 278,315 289,068 299,820 310,573 321,325 332,078 342,830 353,583 364,336 5.6. Break-even analysis Break even analysis Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Total Sales 32,659 72,576 119,750 174,182 233,453 292,723 351,994 411,264 470,534 529,805 589,075 648,346 paid in equity 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 Total Cost 105,185 136,075 169,070 204,169 244,199 284,230 324,260 364,291 406,121 447,951 489,782 531,612 Pay-Back 195,185 226,075 259,070 294,169 334,199 374,230 414,260 454,291 496,121 537,951 579,782 621,612 Based on the total cost, total sales, payback, paid in equity we calculate that the breakeven point should fall on the second quarter of the second year. 6. Conclusion and recommendation Based on, the idea, rather orginial in Viennam, on the service design, on social needs and on financial analysis, the shop will be able to reach the break-even point in the second quarter of the second year from then on. The coffee shop target a segmentation left open on the market. Solution is rather feasible and the service is differentiated. The project will be successfully implemented and economically effective. The business will be expanded into other areas.

Great Details New York City - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 554 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? New York City consists of both a port and city located in the Hudson River in northeastern U.S. It encompasses Staten islands, Manhattan and some parts of Long Island, making it a massive American metropolis. In reality, New York City comprises of neighbor hoods that collectively make up the vast conurbation. They are strategically located within the five main boroughs; Bronx, Staten Island, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. One common feature about New York City is the manner in which lifestyle vary, from one borough to another making a detour through them one of the most memorable undertakings. As a geographic marvel, the actual site on which the city stands is on granite bedrock that is about 100 million years old. Lovers of topographical history would be interested in discovering it as a byproduct of the Wisconsin Glacial Stage. Evidence of this can be found in Manhattan’s world-famous Central Park where subterranean kettle depressions, erratic boulders and glacial moraine litter the landscape. Another important feature is the Hudson above River which in reality is an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. The temperature in the city and around the river, particularly in January, is roughly 31  °F (0  °C) and in July averages 72  °F (22  °C).   The New York Bay is surrounded by a vast expanse of lush hills rich in minerals. It contains about one hundred and seventy minerals that have also been found around the world and ninety classes of precious stone. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Great Details New York City" essay for you Create order New York bags the award for the most diverse city in the United States with a wide array of ethnicities, races, and religions. It is this diversity that makes it as commercially driven as it is creating what is arguably an attractive urban metropolis. The city is also famed for directly contributing to the collective consciousness of the country’s citizenry through its images. For instance, Broadway represents Theatre, Wall Street is synonymous with finance, Madison Avenue sharing its connection with the world of advertisement, Fifth Avenue with shopping, Seventh Avenue with fashion Tammany Hall representing politics, Harlem standing for African American aspiration, especially during the Jazz Age and Greenwich Village signifying a more conservative bohemian life that some members of the city choose to lead. New York has its roots in the immigrant populations that came across the Atlantic in search of a better life and the American Dream. Evidence of this is in the unusual present day demography; New York has more Puerto Ricans than the Puerto Rican capital, San Juan, itself, more Irish than the Irish capital in Dublin, more Italians than those in Naples and more Jews than those found in Tel Aviv. The metropolis is regarded as an epitome of the American Dream and is also home to the Statue of Liberty, a gift to the American people from France for gaining independence from the British Empire. It is this wealth culture and history that has kept tourists flocking into New York City as one of their most preferred destinations in the United States. Commerce is at the center of this great city, and it is because of these business activities that have made New York the wealthiest and richest town in the United States. The city’s presence is kept alive by the constant stream of people and goods through its port ensuring it always stays afloat.

Personal Narrative My Favorite Thing - 1297 Words

Think of your favorite thing in the world to do. Something that defines you. Something that you can only experience from your eyes. For me it is soccer, and through that came a rite of passage that will be with me forever. I was born and raised in Haymarket, Virginia. Haymarket is a small town about 40 miles west of Washington, DC. If you were to drive 30 minutes one way you would be in the country. If you drive 30 minutes the other way you would be in the city. Haymarket is located in the middle between the county and city. My point here is that I have always been in the middle. I am the middle child, average height, and I never thought of myself as anything special. I would just stroll through life having a good time never worried or†¦show more content†¦My team the Battlefield Bobcats were never the underdogs going into a championship game. The clock was ticking down, there were only 12 minutes left in the game. My legs were tired, body aching, I was drenched in sweat and my team s energy was nowhere to be found. Every pass my team would make would not be completed. It was either a sloppy pass due to exhausted legs or intercepted by the other team. My head was down with frustration and my spirit was broken. I wanted to just fall to the ground and crawl into the shade. I felt defeated. I looked up at the scoreboard and the time read 8 minutes left. As I looked at the scoreboard I felt a jolt of energy enter my body. I had felt as if a fire was lit under me. My eyes opened as if I had just seen a ghost. I remember thinking to myself, â€Å"how can we lose this game?† I made a promise to myself that I would win 4 state titles while being at Battlefield High School. This was my sophomore year of high school and I had already won one state title, how could I give up now and let my dreams be crushed, I worked too hard for that to happen. In that moment I knew there was only one result I was going to walk off the field with, and that was with a win and another State Championship. I took a deep breath and thought to myself, â€Å"My team needs energy. They need a leader.† At this point in the game the other team was holding possession of the ball waiting for the time to run out and for the game to end.Show MoreRelatedReflection Paper1022 Words   |  5 Pages including in an English class. Throughout the semester I have grown as a writer. There are still things that I could of course work on, and get better at. But, as of recently I have become a better writer than what I started out as. Concepts that I have learned I can continue to build off of to become a better writer. Which is something I hope to do. Going into English 1010 I knew there were things that I could be better at. Therefore, I came into class with an open mind. 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My body sagged with fatigue, arms unable to rise above my waist, and my head drooped in eagerness to meet my bed. Of course I was eager in turn to meet my head’s throbbing expectations, leaping into bed to a night long and full of eventful dreams. Then I heard those fatal words, courtesy of my darling mother ,† Did you have good day? Did you get everything done that you needed to?† â€Å"Mrghm†¦ In-a-bit†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , came my mumbled, muffled, reply. As much as I anticipated giving my body permission

Elvis Presley had a big impact on music in the USA in 1956 Free Essays

string(110) " to get rid of the â€Å"cannibalistic, negro-loving rock and roller†, obviously referring to Presley\." 1. Elvis Presley had a big impact on music in the USA in 1956. This is shown as the writer compliments Presley and talks very positive about his career. We will write a custom essay sample on Elvis Presley had a big impact on music in the USA in 1956 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The article illustrates just how successful his career was. It tells us that he sold a vast number of records and that he was a top earner for his record company, RCA. It also tells us he had six hit singles in the company’s list of top 25 best selling singles, and compliments Presley by referring to him as a â€Å"winner† and â€Å"amazing†. The writer also displays a sarcastic tone as he refers to Presley as â€Å"HOT AS A $1 PISTOL†. This comment could be taken as a flattering remark, or a slight on Presley’s talent. Its insulting aspect would be the fact that the writer could be calling Presley cheap and simple, and like a $1 Pistol after a few good shots would be useless. Another slur on Presley’s ability is the fact the writer refers to him as a â€Å"country warbler†, implying that he cannot sing and his words are indistinguishable. This article was written for an American music magazine called â€Å"Billboard†. This shows that Presley must have had some impact as he was popular enough to be featured in magazines and was regarded as a celebrity. This article is a primary source of evidence of Presley’s impact from 3rd March 1956. 2. The evidence in Sources C and D disagree with the evidence in Source B, which is very biased. Source B shows you all negative opinions of Presley from several newspapers. Each article describes that Presley has no singing ability and says that he â€Å"caterwauls†, meaning he sounds like a cat wailing. The New York Times goes as far to say that Presley has â€Å"no singing ability†. All refer to his appearance on the Milton Berle Show. These newspaper articles show us the opinions of the establishment, especially that of newspaper columnists. Also, the majority of the newspaper’s audience were adults, and many thought that Presley was corrupting their children’s minds. Source C disagrees with these opinions, and is an extract from â€Å"Variety†, an American television and radio magazine in June 1956. This extract tells us that Presley’s appearance on the Milton Berle Show was most welcomed by the viewing public. It tells us that Milton Berle was both â€Å"relaxed† and â€Å"more effective† when ending his show, showing that he welcomed and enjoyed Presley’s appearance. Another argument that shows Source C disagrees with Source B is that it tells us that the â€Å"Milton Berle show topped Phil Silver’s Sergeant Bilko in the ratings for the first time all season†. This proves that many people watched Presley in preference to other channels, and his appearance on the Milton Berle show caused it to defeat Sergeant Bilko, which was a very popular show at the time. However, Sources B and C come from two different publications with two different intentions. The newspapers would appeal to adults, and a way of selling more newspapers would be to condemn Presley. Many adults would buy the newspaper if they agreed to its views. â€Å"Variety† would appeal to teenagers as it was a music magazine, and a way that they could earn more profit would be to write about Presley, and be in favour of him. Source D could either agree or disagree with the evidence in Source B. The crowd in this photo both look very excited and all seem to be enjoying themselves on the photograph. Presley does not seem to be in any act of vulgarity, yet you cannot tell, since it is only a still picture. However, it was discovered that Colonel Parker, Presley’s manager, paid teenage girls to scream and even faint during Presley’s performances, so the credibility of the photograph can be questioned. The only thing that the photograph supports is the statement from Source B in the New York Journal that â€Å"it has caused the most heated reaction† and this is plain to see from the photograph. 3. These sources clearly show the Presley’s impact in the 1950s. All of the sources are extremely useful as they highlight the different opinions of Presley from different groups of people. Source E contains three sources that all illustrate the negative impact Presley had. Source E ( i ) is a statement from Congressman Emmanuel Cellar. He claims that Presley’s â€Å"animal gyrations violate all I know to be in good taste†. This obviously shows that Cellar did not like Presley. One of the reasons he may make this statement is because he wants to appeal to adults. The simple reason is that he sees the adults as one thing; voters. If he can appeal to the adults and give them what they want, many will support and vote for him, as he is a politician. Racism and prejudice can also be detected in his statement, as he says â€Å"the coloured people†. He refers to them as though they are an object, something lower and less important than he is. He also mention that Rock and Roll provides talent for â€Å"then coloured people†, implying that this is all that they are good for, and have no real place in the American society. Source E ( ii ) is a statement from a member of the Ku Klux Klan. This member says that they have set up a committee to get rid of the â€Å"cannibalistic, negro-loving rock and roller†, obviously referring to Presley. You read "Elvis Presley had a big impact on music in the USA in 1956" in category "Papers" This statement shoes us the views of many racists at the time. He uses the word â€Å"cannibalistic† to describe that they thought Presley was some sort of evil trying to convert teenagers to black music and â€Å"drag them to the same level†. The Ku Klux Klan saw people of other races as some sort of enemy, and anybody who mixed with, or was friends with people from other races were also the enemy. This can account for why the Ku Klux Klan wanted to get rid of Presley. Source E ( iii ) is a statement from Billy Graham, an evangelical preacher. He claimed that he â€Å"would not let his daughter cross the street to see Elvis Presley. His statement can represent the views of the church, and also the views of a father, as he speaks of his daughter. His point of view is that Presley was causing teenagers to sin and that Presley promoted juvenile delinquency. Many teenagers idolised Presley and Reverend Albert Carter claimed that he was â€Å"an evil influence on the youth of our society†, and further claimed Rock and Roll would turn teenagers into â€Å"devil-worshipers†. These statements prove that the Church felt that Presley was an atrocity, corrupting the mind of the country’s teenagers. It is interesting to note that two of the sources, ( i ) and ( iii ), come from fairly important people in the establishment. One comment is from a politician and the other from a preacher, both respected people. However, these comments had the exact opposite effect of what was intended. Teenagers saw that these respected people did not like this music, and so bought it all the more. This is because teenagers now saw the music that members of the establishment were condemning as rebellious, and so when they bought this music their feelings of rebellion were increased. The comments of Billy Graham and Congressman Emmanuel Cellar had a backlash effect. Source F is proof of Presley’s success and popularity during the mid 1950s. In 1955 all songs in the top five list are ballads with Bill Hayes – The Ballad of Davy Crockett at the top. However, next years results are much different. In 1956, Presley takes up four of the top five single spaces, with Don’t Be Cruel/Hound Dog at the top of the chart. This shows just how quickly Presley became popular, in the space of a year, from being a lorry driver he was now one of the country’s most famous people. He had become a sensation in one year. In 1957 Presley occupied three of the five top single spaces, and All Shock Up at the top of the charts. His only rival was Pat Boone, dubbed the acceptable face of Rock and Roll. These results heavily contrast with the evidence from Source E and show that the majority of America’s society disagreed with their opinions. However, all evidence from Source E is from adults, racists and members of the establishment. His popularity was mainly with teenagers and it is them that promoted Presley to the top of these charts. Source F shows Presley’s sudden impact on America that occurred almost overnight. 4. By 1958, many attitudes had changed towards Presley, especially of those who were against him. One reason he became more acceptable was because his record company, RCA, was toning down his image. They tried to make him more acceptable to the public by stopping his controversial movements during his performances. His songs were also toned down, his earlier work a lot more energetic than his later work. The reason for this was simple enough; it would create a wider audience and a wider audience would equal more profit for RCA. Another factor that led to Presley becoming more acceptable was when he was conscripted to the army in 1958. In the eyes of the public, Presley willingly joined the army to serve for his country. Many people were surprised that Presley did not try to use his money or influence to ‘buy’ his way out of service. People now saw him as a true patriotic hero who would serve and die for his country. Those who once disliked him now regarded him as somebody devoted to his country. However, it was only in the public eye that Presley wanted to conscript. It was one of the last things Presley wanted to do, but this image had to be maintained in order for him to gain popularity. RCA most likely convinced him to do it, as he would not do it of his own free will. For a start, Presley’s mother was ill at the time of his conscription. This again could work to his advantage as the public saw him joining the army even though his mother was sick. Another thing Presley was worried about was that his popularity may dwindle while he was conscripted. However, RCA worked around this and released singles and merchandise so that he would not be forgotten while he was in the army. Many politicians saw Presley as an advantage now that he had conscripted. They could now use Presley as a form of propaganda. This is because at that time the Cold War, a state of hostility between two countries without any military action, was occurring between the USA and the Soviet-Union. This was because they disagreed on their social ideology, the Soviet-Union in favour of communism and the USA in favour of democracy. Politicians used this event to promote American democracy and the American Dream, saying â€Å"where else could a nobody like Presley become a somebody so quickly†. At the time the country was swept with anti-communist behaviour and hysteria, and many politicians used this to their advantage. Senator McCarthy was one such person. He got rid of many of his political and social enemies by accusing them of being communists, and having affiliations with communism. Many Americans were convinced by McCarthy that they were surrounded by communists who were plotting to undermine the American way of life. 5. I both agree and disagree partially with this statement. Both Presley’s impact and success was the result of these two factors. To begin with, his first television appearance was on the Dorsey Brothers Stage Show in 1956, followed by 15 other television appearances in the same year. In 1957, Presley made an appearance on the Milton Berle Show, which Sources B and C relate to. Source B shows us the negative impact Presley had as the New York Times, New York Journal and the Daily News describe Presley as having ‘no singing ability’ and giving ‘a display of primitive physical movement† with â€Å"grunt and groan antics†. Source C contradicts these statements. It is an extract from â€Å"Variety†, an American television and radio magazine. It tell us that the â€Å"Milton Berle show topped Phil Silver’s Sergeant Bilko in the ratings for the first time all season†. This shows how immensely popular Presley was, as he appeared on television numerous times which just added to his impact in America, whether it was good or bad. Ed Sullivan even stated that â€Å"Elvis was too big not to have on the show†, and he was totally against the idea of Presley appearing on his show. Ed Sullivan, who had declared that Presley was â€Å"not my cup of tea,† bowed to popular pressure and paid him $50,000 for three appearances. This shows the impact Presley had on television in America. Another television appearance that led to his fame and impact was his roles in Hollywood movies. He starred in films such as â€Å"Love Me tender† and â€Å"King Cerole†. These films were often sold out due to their immense popularity, probably not because of Presley’s acting talent, just the fact that he starred in it. Many of Presley’s fans protested when at the end of â€Å"Love Me Tender†, Presley died, so the end scene was shot again so that he survived. This shows just to what extent producers would go for Presley and his fans, as he had such an impact on television. However, were it not for his singing ability he would not have appeared on television at all, so Presley’s musical talent must have also contributed to his impact. Source F shows us just how many people bought his record, so his musical talent must have contributed to his impact. If people only watched him on television for his performances, then why would they go out and buy his music if they did not like it? This must mean that Presley’s music must have started Presley’s impact. â€Å"Hound Dog† sold 1 million copies in just two weeks after it was released. In fact in 1956 he had four top five singles for that year, and in 1957 he had three top five singles for that year. This source just illustrates how popular Presley’s music was on its own. When Presley appeared on television he performed his top songs. Now if nobody was interested in his musical talent, why not just interview him? In 1956 alone Presley sold 12,500,000 singles and 2,750,000 million albums. He sold 1,350,000 copies of â€Å"Heartbreak Hotel†, which was his first gold record. These tremendous figures provide further evidence that his music contributed to his impact. Source A even tells us that â€Å"Presley has six hit singles in the company’s hit list of top-25 best sellers†. Presley’s musical and television coverage was very important in his career. However, something else caused Presley’s impact. Source E shows the political, racist and religious impact that Presley had on society. Source E ( i ) is the statement from Congressman Emmanuel Cellar who says that Rock and Roll should stay with â€Å"the coloured people† but that it is not good enough for the whites. Source E ( ii ) shows the racist reaction of a member of the Ku Klux Klan whose plan is to ‘do away with this cannibalistic, negro-loving rock and roller’. This is a very important impact, no matter how controversial, as it is an impact on a group of people. In Source E ( iii ) the religious reaction is demonstrated when Billy Graham, an evangelical preacher claims he ‘would not let his daughter cross the street to see Elvis’. Another religious reaction is from the Reverend Albert Carter who states â€Å"The effect of rock and roll on young people is to turn them into devil-worshippers†¦and to stimulate self-expression through sex†¦it is an evil influence on the youth of our society†. This shows us the impact on the religious community. At first the whole idea of Presley was his image of rebelliousness. Although this changed by 1958 when Presley joined the army as shown by source G. This source shows Presley being illustrated as a patriotic hero for his country, and this had a massive impact on both his fans and those who did not like him. He was also made more acceptable as his image was toned down and his songs became much calmer, no longer shouting or brimming with energy, as he had been manufactured by RCA. These points and source of evidence prove my point that it was not just his television appearances or his music that had an impact, but the combination of both of them. How to cite Elvis Presley had a big impact on music in the USA in 1956, Papers

Influence of Temperature and Pretreatments †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Influence of Temperature and Pretreatments. Answer: Introduction The getting old framework wherein home grown texture is degraded and biogas (contained for the most part methane and carbon dioxide) is made, is insinuated as anaerobic osmosis. Anaerobic retention frames happen in several areas where natural material is accessible and redox limit is low (zero oxygen). This is habitually the case in stomachs of ruminants, in bogs, residue of lakes and trench, common landfills, or even metropolitan sewers. Anaerobic cure itself is remarkably viable in emptying biodegradable natural blends, getting out mineralized blends like,, inside the game plan. Anaerobic cure can be coordinated in actually verifiable systems, and the way might be related at any scale and at wherever. To the level of wealth ooze made is nearly nothing and lots settled, however having a market regard while the so called granular anaerobic sludge is conveyed inside the bioreactor. Furthermore, valuable imperativeness as biogas is made set up of extreme review vitality wolfed. Enduring that anaerobic preparing the truth be prompted best removes common pollutions, there are in every way that really matters few if any real drawbacks left, even now not with regard to the energize of start of the system (Passos, Hernandez-Marine, Garcia and Ferrer, 2014). The fate of carbon and imperativeness in every oxygen expending and anaerobic wastewater cure looking forward to that the oxidation of one kg COD requires 1 kWh of air st ream vitality. Instead of anaerobic cure, incredible cure is by method for and colossal depicted by means of high operational charges, while a broad bureau of the waste is adjusted over to some other sort of waste. Oxygen eating treatment in an ordinary incited overflow set up together yields round portion of new sludge from the COD changed over, which calls for encourage treatment, e.g. Anaerobic assimilation, sooner than it's far reused, sorted out off or consumed. The carbon/control development measures of extreme effect and anaerobic bio-change to a fabulous amount influence the establishment of the looking at wastewater cure system (Alagz, Yenign and Erdinler, 2015). As everyone may suspect, up to this point, AnWT has created into forceful wastewater cure advancement. Various differing sorts of unquestionably dirtied wastewaters, even the individuals who were at that point time-regarded presently not to be fitting for AnWT, are by and by treated with the guide of anaerobic high -value change shapes. Anaerobic digestion Unmistakably, a proper situating of the above central elements depends on upon the area financial Management and societal circumstances. In the Netherlands, wealth overflow overseeing is the expense recognizing subtle element in working wastewater treatment systems. Since land filling isn't any inclination for plenitude sewage ooze and bio-wastes, while costs for incineration achieve 500/ton wet ooze or additional, the low slop time in anaerobic reactors is a short monetary favorable position (Koch, Helmreich and Drewes 2015). The system minimization, each other indispensable valuable asset of AnWT, might be sketched out with the guide of a full- scale outline, in which an anaerobic reactor with 6 m broadness and a stature of 25 m, suffices to manage up to 25 enormous measures of COD each day. The made slop, that is less than 1 Ton dry be included for consistently this circumstance, isn't a waste question, yet is publicized as seed slop for brand hitting new reactors. Such conservati veness makes the structure appropriate for use on the undertaking premises or sometimes even in the business office frameworks. The end alluded to is uniquely convincing in thickly populated levels and for those organizations anticipating to make utilization of anaerobic cure as the underlying section in a solution for enhancing methodology water (Passos, Gutirrez, Brockmann, Steyer, Garca, and Ferrer, 2015). The energized energy for the imperativeness components of AnWT specifically comes to fruition in view of the always developing force charges and the general stress on an unnatural atmosphere substitute. The more than 25 Tons COD/d of agro-mechanical waste (water) can be altered over in 7,000 cubic meter CH4/d, with a power resemblance cycle 250 Gild. Working with a modem joined warm temperature oversee (CHP) fuel engine, achieving 40% efficiency, a prized 1.2 MW electric controlled quality yield might be finished. The general imperativeness rebuilding might need to try and be better (coming to as much as 60%) if the greater part of the excess warmth might be used at the venture premises or direct area. Tolerating that full fiery cure could require cycle 1 kW1i/kg COD ousted, or 1 MW included electric power in the above case, the total power pick up of using AnWT over the impelled slop technique is two.2 MW. At a vitality cost of 0.1 /kWh this reciprocals around 5,000 /d (Li, Champagn e and Anderson, 2015). Beside the imperativeness itself, ebb and take the path of least resistance drivers consolidate the carbon credit that can be gotten by creating practical control using AnWT. For a conventional coal pushed power plant, the period of 1 MW vitality releases cycle 21 ton CO2/d, even with respect to a vaporous petroleum driven plant it's far a major segment of that regard. At a normal settled charge of 20/ton CO2, the above exampled venture should profit 500/d on carbon credit, in the meantime as no oil stock are connected for treating the wastewater. Notwithstanding the way that this whole is unimportant in industrialized worldwide areas, it can give a genuine inspiration in developing countries to begin treating the wastewater using unnecessary charge AnWT, and on this way securing the group condition. The carbon credit approach can, thusly, be considered as a Western allocation for completing AnWT structures in substantially less rich countries (Yang, Zhang and Hu, 2013). Researching the reasons why the commitment for AnWT changed into made, the going with hanging central elements of AnWT over ordinary oxygen devouring cure structures might be given: Reducing of plenitude sludge acquaintance up with ninety%. Up to 90% reducing in zone essential while making utilization of developed slop sleeping pad structures (Guo Peng, 2015). High material COD stacking charges achieving 20-35 kg COD predictable with m3 of reactor every day, requiring humbler reactor volumes (Batstone and Virdis, 2014). No use of oil based goods for treatment, saving cycle 1 kWh/kg COD ousted, dependent upon air move adequacy. Innovation of cycle 13.5 MJ Cat energy/kg COD ousted, giving 1.5 kWh power (expecting 40% electric fueled change skill ability) (Yenign and Demirel, 2013). Short start up ( 1 week), using granular anaerobic sludge as seed material. No or no use of chemicals. Plain development with high treatment efficiencies. Anaerobic sludge might be secured unfed, reactors can be worked in the midst of rustic campaigns just (e.g. Four months for each yr inside the sugar business). Excess overflow has a commercial center regard. High rate structures energize water reusing in generation lines (towards close circles). Siphoning is simple texture science. Instead of what many get, a siphon does no longer depend on natural weight (inspiring news should you ever need to siphon gas from your spaceship) however as a substitute gravity (a limit inconvenience for the spaceship circumstance). On account of the tough forces at depictions in a segment of liquid, when you start a siphon, it will keep going independent from anyone else. Just make an indicate cut it off while the pined for amount has been traded. Bio-counterfeit Oxygen Demand (BOD): BOD insinuates nature of oxygen required through microorganisms in addition, diverse scaled down scale abiding being in bio-blend debasement and change of regular tally number underneath oxygen eating condition. The wellknown approach for estimation of separated oxygen substance of the illustration past after which in a while five days agonizing at 20 C wind up noticeably used for check number of BOD (Ward, Lewis and Green, 2014). Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): COD addresses the oxygen essential of a case for oxidation of characteristic and inorganic number. COD does now not require five days strategy as required for BOD yet this check does now not separate among biodegradable and bio-sit without moving materials. This test progress toward becoming driven with the guide of which incorporate potassium dichromate along sulphuric destructive and a stimulus brought after with the guide of titration towards Mohr's salt. Standard strategy for considering of COD turned along with then used. Total Suspended Solids (TSS): Total solids are the developments that consolidate each broke down and suspended solids. Rotator transformed into used for filtration of the sewage water, trailed with the guide of vanishing and drying for measuring total broke down solids. Suspended solids were controlled by method for subtracting separated solids from blend solids (Silvestre, Fernndez and Bonmat, 2015). Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS): VSS get made toward the finish of BOD departure. Signify durable substance is the entire of split up, suspended and these recently encircled solids. Test: High sulfates may likewise begin from particular water supplies or from infiltration of saline ground water in which sewers experience such territories. The sulfides encircled from sulfate can set off disintegration and one of kind issues in light of its savage nature. This investigates transformed into coordinated utilizing barium chloride as ordinary reagent and taking after a similar old approach. Hydrogen-molecule Concentration (pH): It is as fundamental in light of the fact that the blend powerful substance for the sewage and temperature for ecological sentiments in prevalent. Acidic wastes are ominous to every metallic and stable shape. Other than being fatal to the land and water proficient presence they answer with the not unordinary alkalinity of the water, subsequently extending the carbonate hardness and on along these lines rendering it undeserving for future makes utilization of in garments or boilers. The pH regard transformed into measured through using electronic pH meter (Kinnunen, Craggs and Rintala, 2014). Mechanism under sludge granulation On a very basic level, garbage granulation finds its ground inside the reality that bacterial support is basic while debilitating expenses outperform the bacterial advancement costs Immobilization furthermore requires the proximity of reinforce fabric notwithstanding exact change centers. The event of granulation might be illuminated as takes after: Proper change centers, i.e. inert home grown and inorganic bacterial transporter substances and moreover bacterial sums, are really blessing inside the seed slop. Finely scattered recollect, together with fitting bacterial tally number, will come to be decreasingly held, when the shallow liquid and gas speeds increase, applying debilitating costs superior to the bacterial advancement costs underneath the principle natural circumstances. In this way film and furthermore broad affiliation thusly happens. The traverse of the sums and in addition bio-film thickness is confined, viz. It is predicated on upon the capacity high caliber (constraining forces and the level of bacterial intertwinement) and the external forces connected on the flotsam and jetsam/movies. In this way at due time, flotsam and jetsam/motion pictures will go into deterioration, propelling the resulting era (Dai, Liu and Yang, 2015). Retained helper improvement centers will extend in size once more, furthermore in bacterial thickness. Advancement is greatest most likely not constrained to the edges, furthermore keeps up interior the aggregates. The granules will consistently "age" or 'extend'. As a delayed consequence of this procedure of becoming the voluminous `filamentous granules', triumphing in the midst of the beginning levels of the granulation system, will vanish and improvement nearer to getting to be ousted through thick 'rod' granules. In a progressed granular slop, filamentous granules for the most component can be truant. Anaerobic expanded and fluidized bed system Developed casual lodging bedding systems are seen as the second one period of overflow sleeping pad reactors finishing ridiculous common stacking costs. The FB procedure depends upon on the event of bacterial association with adaptable conveyor flotsam and jetsam, which incorporate, for example, of top notch sand, basalt, pumice, or plastic (Mao, Feng, Wang, and Ren, 2015). The FB system can be viewed as a ventured forward anaerobic advancement, which could reach stacking costs of 50-60 kg COD/m3. Remembering the quit goal to hold up a consistent circumstance with respect to the bio-film change, a high level of pre-aging is viewed as fundamental and scattered depend should be truant in the support. Despite that, a great film thickness is genuinely difficult to oversee and through and substantial a seclusion of various types of bio-films over the stature of the reactor happens. In total scale reactors habitually revealed transporter flotsam and jetsam disengaged from the bio-films provoking operational issues. With a chose surrender objective to save the bio-film garbage inside the reactor, course changes are fundamental after which the support material will begin to total inside the lessening some piece of the reactor as a type of work area bound bedding, while light fluffy aggregates could be appear inside the top part. The last should be completed while the shallow speed remains regularly low, which in truth is not the motivation behind a FB structure. As bed augmentation permits a radically more prominent huge appointment of winning bio-films, the structure is tons the majority of the more prominent simple to work. As in the standard AF systems an inert penetrable carrier fabric is connected for bacterial association in the Anaflux structure. The Anaflux reactor uses a triple arrange separator at the best purpose of the reactor, a significant terrible part much the same as the GLSS gadget in UASB and EGSB reactors. At the component when the bio-film layer added to the media ends up being excessively over-made, and the as to aggregates then have a penchant to blend in the separator framework, the fabric is on occasion isolated from the reactor through an external pump wherein it's far subjected to the use of alright shear to empty a couple part of the bio-film Then each the media and separated biomass are returned to the reactor, and the loosened biomass is then approved to be flushed out from the structure. Thusly the thickness of the media is controlled and a more prominent homogeneous reactor sleeping pad is made. Up to 30-90 kg VSS/m3 reactor might be held in close by those lines and because of the associated extreme liquid up flow speeds, i.e. Up 10 m/h) a superb liquid biomass touch is master. The system is material to waste water with a suspended solids obsession The EGSB system uses granular overflow, which is characterized by means of brilliant settling highlights and a high methanogenic development. At the point while enormous overflow stacking expenses are connected the settle potential can be significantly less inferable from the biogas hold-up inside the granules. Because of the high settle ability of the overflow, high shallow liquid paces, i.e. Outperforming 6 m/h, might be connected. These high liquid velocities, all things considered with the lifting distraction of fuel prevalent inside the bed, prompt a mellow augmentation of the overflow bed. Likewise, in this way of that, a striking touch among overflow and waste water wins in the system, inciting fundamentally better stacking potential outcomes appeared differently in relation to ordinary UASB foundations. Conclusion Common wastewater is in sum the most boundless type of wastewater on the earth. Arrival of non-managed wastewaters to surface waters has a gigantic environmental impact and stances bona fide prosperity stresses to the people. Particularly since the more focused on common wastewaters are really ideal for anaerobic pre-treatment. The recovered essentialness can then be helpfully connected on the site online for broad cure up to discharge or reuse rules. Any excess power may furthermore fill in as a quality supply for e.g. Water machine pumps or for settlements inside the area of the plant. Considering the current stress with oil by-item use, anaerobic sewage treatment offers a practical decision for treating the critical stream of nearby and metropolitan wastewaters in numerous segments of the world. In gentle of the present unpracticed house fuel talk, reclamation of all conveyed CH4 should be a highlight bit of the cure plant characterize. Owing to its minimization, extreme charge an aerobic sewage treatment can be connected in urban zones moreover. A definitive will enact colossal charges diminishes in developing sewerage frameworks, pumping stations, and development frameworks. With a spread in the central understanding of the anaerobic methodology and a spread in the measure of finish scale experiences at any scale, anaerobic treatment will truly develop to be evidently one of the high systems for treating clearly tainted wastewaters streams. References Samaras, V.G., Stasinakis, A.S., Mamais, D., Thomaidis, N.S. and Lekkas, T.D., 2013. 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Dissecting microbial community structure and methane-producing pathways of a full-scale anaerobic reactor digesting activated sludge from wastewater treatment by metagenomic sequencing.Microbial cell factories,14(1), p.33. Ariunbaatar, J., Panico, A., Esposito, G., Pirozzi, F. and Lens, P.N., 2014. Pretreatment methods to enhance anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste.Applied energy,123, pp.143-156. Batstone, D.J. and Virdis, B., 2014. The role of anaerobic digestion in the emerging energy economy.Current opinion in biotechnology,27, pp.142-149. Yenign, O. and Demirel, B., 2013. Ammonia inhibition in anaerobic digestion: a review.Process Biochemistry,48(5), pp.901-911. Ward, A.J., Lewis, D.M. and Green, F.B., 2014. Anaerobic digestion of algae biomass: a review.Algal Research,5, pp.204-214. Silvestre, G., Fernndez, B. and Bonmat, A., 2015. Significance of anaerobic digestion as a source of clean energy in wastewater treatment plants.Energy Conversion and Management,101, pp.255-262. Kinnunen, V., Craggs, R. and Rintala, J., 2014. Influence of temperature and pretreatments on the anaerobic digestion of wastewater grown microalgae in a laboratory-scale accumulating-volume reactor.Water research,57, pp.247-257. Dai, W., Xu, X., Liu, B. and Yang, F., 2015. Toward energy-neutral wastewater treatment: a membrane combined process of anaerobic digestion and nitritationanammox for biogas recovery and nitrogen removal.Chemical Engineering Journal,279, pp.725-734. Mao, C., Feng, Y., Wang, X. and Ren, G., 2015. Review on research achievements of biogas from anaerobic digestion.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,45, pp.540-555. Meyer, T. and Edwards, E.A., 2014. Anaerobic digestion of pulp and paper mill wastewater and sludge.Water research,65, pp.321-349.